THE METHODS USE IN SILAT OLAHRAGA COMPETITION SEA GAME 2015

Shapie, M.N.M & Saleh, N.E
Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to focus the block, kick, punch and topple techniques used in silat olahraga competition of the 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015, men’s quaterfinals match class C 60 kg Vietnam vs Singapore, men’s quarterfinals match class B 55kg, Vietnam vs Singapore, men’s semi-finals match class C 60kg Vietnam vs Laos, and men’s final match class A 50kg Vietnam vs Indonesia. All these matches were won by Vietnam players. In silat can be divided into two categories which are silat seni and silat olahraga. For this study, silat olahraga is a main basic of sparing in competition.
There have two table for each matches which are the first table shows the basic and common techniques used by pesilat during competition, but for the second table just focuses on the 4 techniques in term of blocking, kicking, punch and topple and the outcome is hit target, hit elsewhere, miss opponent will be used to determine the accuracy of how many successful the technique is good and better from both exponents. Athletes will be trying to perform as well as possible to achieve maximum or the highest performance. As an athlete who competed in the competition situation is influenced by various factors such as physical, technical, tactical, and psychological (Latifah, Rusdiana, Ugelta, Budiman, & Karmini, 2017).
These techniques occur when the two pesilat perform in a competition. Pesilat can perform their technique of blocking by using hand while topple can use hand or leg to take down the opponent. For kicking there have side kick and straight kick and to get the point or score must kick at the pad which is located from chest to centre. However, the point for topple will be collected according to the opponent falling down to the ground. The notational analyses are used to record the all techniques in silat olahraga but for the exponent just focus on the block, kick, punch, topple hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent.

 Keywords: Kicking, martial arts, coaching, performance analysis

Introduction

Silat can be described a form of martial art practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. Silat is one of the martial arts that originated from Indonesia. According to Shapie, M. N. M. and Elias (2016) Olahraga means the ability for silat exponents to perform their silat techniques in combat with striking and defensive actions such as punching, kicking, throwing, catching, parrying blocking and the other skill related to the silat techniques. It is called as a tradition practiced in southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and Malaysia. Silat is the Malay art of combat fighting art. Silat can be divided into two categories or parts which are Silat Martial Arts and Sports. Sport martial arts are well adjusted to the Philippines. For the real attack in silat, had an opponent with superior strength can be solved because in Silat Sports has a several of techniques used in defeating opponent with a stronger built. In addition, the minimum body movements needed to maintain the strength of fighters to respond more effectively and better attacks.
Thus, in the art of Silat Sports, pesilat will learn special attacks, tactic and defensive techniques. In fact, in self-defence, what matters is the person's response to the accuracy of one's opponent using body movements to a minimum level. Other than that, martial arts are the combat system of traditions and practices, which are made for a variety of reasons like self-defense, spiritual development, competition, physical health and fitness, mental and physical (Shapie, M. N. M., Zenal, Parnabas, & Abdullah, 2016).This might help to reduce the amount of energy consumed and thereby create a more effective and good response. Besides, the movement such as throw who only use techniques attackers hit when attacking or defending them. To obtain timely and effective responses to the attacks of the opponent, pesilat are taught specific techniques that will allow them to develop his full potential. For the beginner of pesilat, they do not use any weapons, martial arts practice. Then, they are taught to use special weapons such as sticks, knives, and other weapons because easy them to learn and know how to use when using the real weapons (Shapie, M. N. M., 2011).
There have a few ways or basic skill that will teach for every beginner in martial art in order to know how to make a different movement and how to control every step or movement when they want to attack. These basic movements include parrying, pushing, jumping, throwing and many others. As a result of Silat Olahraga competitions and performances this form of martial art has spread to the rest of Asia, Europe, and America while for now national and international competitions include the ASEAN, OPEN and WORLD Championship.

Material and Method

The data will be analysed based on the video matches Pencak Silat Tanding  Men’s Quaterfinals match class C 60 kg Vietnam vs Singapore, Men’s Quarterfinals match class B 55kg, Vietnam vs Singapore, Men’s Semi-finals match class C 60kg Vietnam vs Laos, and Men’s Final match class A 50kg Vietnam vs Indonesia on 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. From the first table, there have 13 techniques that usually used in silat competition, but this analysis more focuses on the specific skills, which are punching, kicking, blocking, and topple categorized each of these indicators into hit target, hit elsewhere, and miss opponent. Besides that, the video will be repeated and play in slow motion to identify the action or skills made by exponents to get the accurate analyse (Shapie, M. M., Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013). There have a few types of categories that have been showed below.
·         Block:
The blocking movements will start with the posture position and the exponent stands straight with the hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking also can using arms, elbows and legs with the aim to block off or striking back at any attack.
·         Kick:
The kick is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or both legs simultaneously. It can be front kick, side-kick or semi-circular side kick. Every kick should be at the front of the body, from the chest to the centre. Apart from these places, the scores will not count
·         Punch:
The punch attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat, punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch or uppercut to the exponent body. Basically many exponents use the straight punch because easy to get the chance and collect the point.
·       Topple:
There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. Exponents can push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the pesilat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down.
·         Catch:
The catch is made by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The fighter or exponents is able to prevent itself from being attacked by pointing the attack which they have caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden.
·         Sweep:
Swiping is involves attacking an opponent's leg which are on the ground to unstable them and bring down to the ground or floor. A fighter or exponent can perform this attacking movement for both right or left leg, Hence, for front sweep is made by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg.
·         Dodge:
Dodge is the technique to carry out by silat exponent when they tries to avoid an attack. This technique does not require exponent to touch the opponent. They are variety ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging, retreat, evasion to the side, bending, jumping, and ducking.
·         Block and Punch:
The blocking technique is require to block hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent especially punch to hit target.
·         Block and Kick:
The blocking technique is used to block hand and leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent direct to the hit target.
·         Block and Sweep:
The blocking technique is require to block hand and leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent and make sure the opponent falling down to get the higher score.
·         Fake Punch:
Fake punch used to confuse the opponent using the hand to break the defensive posture.
·         Fake Kick:
Fake kick used to confuse the opponent using the leg to break the defensive posture.
·         Self-Release:
Self-release is the technique to unlock any catch from an opponent or the fighter.

Statistical Analysis

The observation generated data will be frequency counted. All the raw data collected from the all matches use the system produce by Shapie at al 2013 statistical analysis was conducted using (SPSS) Statistical package social science version 21. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference performance between the winner and loser in silat matches. Both exponents have their own tactical and show the good performance during competition.

Results

The result has been showed in the table below which is the first table there have 13 techniques that combine from the winner and loser while the second table shows the specific skills from the exponents used such as block, kick, punch, and topple techniques. There have three outcomes based on the observation from the video matches, which are hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. All these matches were won by Vietnam.


The first match is men’s quaterfinals class C 60 kg Vietnam vs Singapore (day 6). Red (Vietnam), Blue (Singapore).

Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block
3
5

8
Block and kick
5
2

7
Block and punch
2
2

4
Block and sweep




Kick
8
3
6
17
Fake kick
2
1

3
Punch
5
2
2
9
Fake punch




Self-release




Topple
9
5

14
Sweep


2
2
Catch

4

4
Dodge

6

6
Others




Total
34
30
10
74

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Red (Viet)
12
14
6
11
43
Blue (Sing)
7
13
7
3
30


Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Red)
Block (Blue)
4.00
2.33
5.09
1.53
Kick (Red)
Kick (Blue)
4.66
4.33
2.52
4.93
Punch (Red)
Punch (Blue)
2.00
2.33
1.73
3.21
Topple (Red)
Topple (Blue)
3.66
1.00
3.21
1.73

The second match is Quaterfinal class B 55kg, Viet vs Sing (day 6).Red (Vie), Blue (Sing)

Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block

4
1
5
Block and kick




Block and punch
5
1

6
Block and sweep
1


1
Kick
3
5
1
9
Fake kick


4
4
Punch
3
5
1
9
Fake punch


1
1
Self-release




Topple
2
4
2
8
Sweep
2

5
7
Catch

2

2
Dodge

2

2
Others




Total
16
23
15
54

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Red (Viet)
6
9
11
5
31
Blue (Sing)
6
3
5
3
17

Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Red)
Block (Blue)
2.00
2.00
2.64
2.23
Kick (Red)
Kick (Blue)
3.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
Punch (Red)
Punch (Blue)
3.66
1.66
2.31
2.08
Topple (Red)
Topple (Blue)
1.66
1.00
2.36
0.71

The third match is Semifinal class C 60kg, Laos vs Viet.Red (Laos), Blue (Viet)

Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block
3
3

6
Block and kick
2


2
Block and punch
1
2
1
4
Block and sweep

1

1
Kick
9
12
8
29
Fake kick


2
2
Punch
2
7
2
11
Fake punch




Self-release




Topple
4
10

14
Sweep
1
2
1
4
Catch

6

6
Dodge

2

2
Others




Total
22
45
14
81

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Red (Laos)
5
17
10
4
36
Blue (Viet)
8
16
5
9
38

Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Red)
Block (Blue)
1.66
2.66
1.31
1.97
Kick (Red)
Kick (Blue)
5.66
5.33
7.23
8.39
Punch (Red)
Punch (Blue)
3.33
1.66
4.16
1.53
Topple (Red)
Topple (Blue)
1.33
3.00
1.89
4.24

The fourth match is Final class A 50kg, Viet vs Ind. Red (Ind), Blue (Viet)

Actions
Outcome
Hit elsewhere
Hit target
Miss opponent
Total
Block
2


2
Block and kick
2
2

4
Block and punch
2
1

3
Block and sweep
2
2

4
Kick
6
10
4
20
Fake kick


2
2
Punch
1
4
2
7
Fake punch


1
1
Self-release




Topple
11
17
1
29
Sweep


1
1
Catch

4

4
Dodge

5

5
Others




Total
26
45
11
82

Frequency Table:
Exponent
Block
Kick
Punch
Topple
Total
Red (Ind)
5
9
4
10
28
Blue (Viet)
8
17
8
19
52 

Mean and Standard deviation:
Action
Mean
Std. deviation
Block (Red)
Block (Blue)
1.66
2.66
0.84
1.37
Kick (Red)
Kick (Blue)
3.00
5.66
4.64
6.54
Punch (Red)
Punch (Blue)
1.33
2.66
1.78
2.77
Topple (Red)
Topple (Blue)
3.33
6.33
4.72
8.96



Discussion

According to the data or result has shown, that the all matches won by Vietnam. For the first match is men’s quaterfinals class C 60 kg Vietnam vs Singapore. Second match is Semifinals class C 60kg, Viet vs Laos. Then, the third match is Quarterfinals class B 55kg, Vietnam vs Singapore and the last match is Final class A 50kg, Vietnam vs Indonesia. Based on my record from the video matches, the total of frequency table for Vietnam is 43, 31, 38 and 52. This total are comprises from variety technique such as block, kick, punch and topple. From this result Vietnam is higher than the other exponents during the competition. In this match, the fighter or exponents use both upper and lower body part to make a movement and the fighter is really good in both at punching and kicking than other techniques.
For this analysis, the fighter has to developed more strength, power, agility and cardiovascular fitness to enhance or maintain the performance level. Each physical fitness component is important to them for developed or train during training and will perform well during competition. Current study shows, the fighter mostly used kicking and punching techniques than other that is because the fighter were good at both techniques to get more score or point during competition. Usually, the winner uses their tactic and knows how to make self-defence very well from being attacked and always find the chance to attack the opponent such as topple down which is the fighter use their leg or hand to let the opponent falling down to the floor then after that the fighter will get the point (Shapie, M. N. M. & Elias, 2015).
Refer to frequency of table the first match is Vietnam (red) and Singapore (blue). The fighter from Vietnam got higher score which is from block he made 12, kick 14, punch 6 and topple 11. For the second match Vietnam made block 6 times, kick 9, punch 11 and topple 9. In this match, the fighter used punch more than kick, topple and block. The third match is Vietnam made block 8, kick 16, punch 5 and topple 9. The pesilat or fighter in this match needs more strength and power at lower body especially leg to do the faster kick. The last match is Vietnam made block 8 times, kick 17, punch 8 and topple 19. In this match, the fighter used topples as their main technique to let the opponent down and get the higher score.

Conclusion

The conclusion of this study is to determine the level of method used by the both exponents Silat Olahraga Sea Game 2015 which one score is higher. For example used block, kick, punch and topple then measured by hit elsewhere, hit target and miss opponent. The exponents who make the best technique or use more tactical, will get the higher score and win the competition. Besides, Pesilat need to improve their fitness level such as muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, power, agility, speed to enhance their performance level. In this study is to observe which techniques are used more during competition by both fighters. The fewer mistakes they make, the better result they will get.
However, the exponents should develop more their strength, power, agility to give the fast attack to the opponent. Based on this observation, the winner used more kick and topples technique to get the higher score than the other fighter. Both the exponents used the high intensity action than low intensity action during the competition because it also help to contribute to get the highest score rather than low intensity action.


References

Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class C Semi-finals Laos vs Vietnam
            (Day 8); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
                 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o4IIQLkMZA
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class B Quaterfinals Vietnam vs Sin
            (Day 6); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
                 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYjO_ATIeBI
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class A Finals Vietnam vs Indonesia
            (Day 9); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from
                https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TogWi7jsKcU
Sport Singapore. (2015). Pencak Silat Tanding Men's Class C Quaterfinals Vietnam vs Sin
           (Day 6); 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved at March 19, 2017 from


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